SIMON Watkin is not your usual detective.
He spends most of his time out in the bush, carefully assessing regional native flora, soil types, roads and south coast beaches, searching for answers to determine precisely where and why Phythophthora cinnanomi dieback is inflicting a botanical disaster on the region’s unique biodiversity.
Mr Watkin has the highly complex task of interpreting its presence – especially as the microscopic pathogen cannot actually be seen cutting a silent and deadly swathe through native bush, threatening horticultural crops or creeping through our gardens.
Mr Watkin explained it required a lot of work to assess areas for vulnerability to dieback, and the process also included historical evidence, photographs of past landscapes, position of roads and former activity, particularly around Albany.
“Physical factors, soil types, drainage, soil temperature and changes to land use have to be taken into consideration,” he said.
“For example you are more likely to find pockets of infestation in areas where the soil is porous, as opposed to broader fronts where soil is impeded by granite, clay or laterite.”
Mr Watkin, who operates as Ficifolia Consulting, has been working for South Coast Natural Resource Management Inc.
He describes himself as a ‘tooth in the planning cog’ when it comes to his pivotal role in the management of dieback, and he is accredited in its detection, diagnosis and mapping of the disease.
Mr Watkin said the occurrence of dieback was often related to roads, consequently adjacent low-lying land was most likely to be affected due to transference through water.
“The higher sites which need protecting, tend to be free of the pathogen and are likely to remain so providing the microorganism does not spread uphill through root contact,” he said.
However, randomly placed roads t hrough vulnerable wilderness areas are of grave concern, particularly when recreational drivers recklessly cut new tracks in bushland and risk leaving a deadly trail of dieback from infested soil on their tyres.
“The only way that we can protect the ‘good bush’ and contain affected areas, is to get the message out there. Mud sticks – don’t spread it around.” Mr Watkin said.
Of course, it can also be spread by native animals but not as dramatically as has been done by humans.
Mr Watkin started his career in Manjimup and is now based in Albany, covering the south west of the State, including areas such as Walpole Wilderness, Betty’s Beach, Sandpatch and Pallinup Reserve.
Mr Watkin is using his unique skills, honed over 20 years, to identify the protectable disease-free areas, initiated by Project Dieback and Dr Joanna Young to implement a more economical and efficient system of management. It was refined with support of another dieback interpretation service, Glevan Consulting and first tried on some City of Albany reserves.
Dr Young said that by placing a more positive slant on this environmental disaster, the priority was to determine whether areas were protectable.
“This means we need to look for the green and find the gems that are not infested so that they can be protected and infestations contained through effective management and community awareness,” she said.
Project Dieback was established by South Coast NRM Inc, whose role is to engage the community and provide technical support to landholders to deal with dieback.
The organisation has developed positive partnerships with major stakeholders and government agencies with management strategies that cover all native vegetation, regardless of land tenure.
The disease was previously referred to as Jarrah dieback, but what is not known generally is that Phythophthora cinnamomi has probably been around Albany since first white settlement, introduced from south east Asia.
This makes interpretation even more of a challenge, because dieback has been festering in many different areas and vegetation types for a long time.
It spread dramatically after World War II due to the unwitting transfer of dieback through movement of soil for road building, a burgeoning timber industry and human activity in towns, farms and settlements.
Our intrepid early settlers were blissfully unaware of the damage being perpetrated as land was developed and over the years it wasn’t just jarrah trees but large areas of banksias and wildflowers that were falling prey to this pathogenic predator.
P. cinnamomi is most active when conditions are warm and wet and it has produced a complex mosaic of infested and uninfested areas in the south west with poorly drained areas and wetter sites impacted most severely.
While there is no argument about the catastrophic impacts of dieback, the need to develop long-term management strategies hinges on extensive mapping and detailed knowledge of where the disease is and how to contain its deadly progress.